Task 1

A.
1. people’s ideas on permanent education
2. One is an ordinary “man on the street”. The other is an educational psychologist.
3. The first person thinks this idea of permanent education is crazy. He can’t understand people who want to spend all their lives in school. The second person thinks that the idea of permanent education is practical because people are never really too old to go on learning.
B.
was, hated, stand, got out, all their lives, certain limits, age limits

Task 2

A.
Age: four, five, seven
Schooling: Nursery School, Infant’s School, Junior School

B.
1. He stayed there for a year.
2. He has faint, but very pleasant memories of it. He had fun and played games, including story-telling, drawing, singing, and dancing.
3. He began to have more formal lessons and even worry about exams.
4. The exam was called the “eleven plus”. Students took the exam to see what kind of secondary school they would get into.

Task 3 (skip)

Task 4

A.
Interviewees: Kate, Rolf, Jane, and Raoul
Position on This Topic For/Against: for, against, against, for
Argument(s)/Reasons(s): It’s difficult to teach children these days, when many of them know they won’t get jobs. It’s hard to control the class if you can’t punish them; It always has been difficult to be a teacher. But you don’t have to use violence. It’s impossible to teach students about nonviolence and being good citizens when you are violent yourself; (no reason given); It’s impossible to teach the rest of the class if you have on student who constantly misbehaves. It’s bad for the others.
B. skip

Task 5

A.
1. because the television program by that name can now be seen in many parts of the world.
2. This program is very popular among children. Some educators object to certain elements in the program. Parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.
3. in order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly
4. educational theories of its creators, support from the government and businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks; mothers watch the show with their children to see the stars; It makes each child feel able to learn.
B.
six million, regularly, half, economic, racial, geographical, fifty, Spanish, Portuguese, German, one hundred thousand, English, every two weeks; songs, stories, jokes, pictures; numbers, letters, human relationships

Task 6

A.
1. It is to have all public schools connected to the Internet computer system and computers available for all students.
2. Its web site provides information about the school, the teachers, and their email addresses. It also lists student events and organizations.
3. They learn numbers and letters. They also learn how to use the computers they need later in their education.

B.
1994, 45 percent, last year, 89 percent, universities, colleges, urge, require

Task 7

A.
spoken, written, saying poetry aloud, giving speeches, advanced degrees, field of study, custom, candidates, doctor’s degree, written, nineteenth, the great increase in population, the development of modern industry, objective, facts, personal opinions, memory of facts and details, range of knowledge, a fairer chance, easier, quicker, learning, essay, long answers, broad general questions, the element of luck, put facts together into a meaningful whole, really knowing much about the subject, have trouble expressing their ideas in essay form, examiner’s feelings at the time of reading the answer, unsatisfactory, along with
B.
B

Task 8

Americans know that higher education is the key to the growth they need to lift their country, and today that is truer than ever. Just listen to these facts. Over half the new jobs created in the last three years have been managerial and professional jobs. The new jobs require a higher level of skills. Fifteen years ago the typical worker with a college degree made 38 percent more than a worker with a high school diploma. Today that figure is 73 percent more. Two years of college means a 20 percent increase in annual earnings. People who finish two years of college earn a quarter of a million dollars more than their high school counterparts over a lifetime.