UNIT 12

Task 1

A.
1. She is one of the best chess players in the world, and she is only sixteen years old.
2. No. Chess is very difficult for a woman. No one thought she could do well. Her father wanted her to be a secretary.
3. maybe because she’s always thinking about chess and therefore has few friends
B.
1. for, through, along, by
2. nine, five, run, against, six, seven, half an hour, 7:45

Task 2
1. “Reserved” means “slow to show feelings or express opinions”. “Extrovert” means “an active, lively, expressive, cheerful, and sociable person”. Here the author uses the word as an adjective.
2. Some of the stereotyped images of the Englishmen, Scotsmen, Welshmen, and the Irish are:
a. Englishmen wear bowler hats, pinstripe suits, and carry umbrellas.
b. Scotsmen are mean, hate spending money, and drink whisky all day long.
c. Welshmen do nothing but play rugby and sing.
d. The Irish only exist so that other British people can tell jokes about them.
3. Well, on the whole the speaker does not believe these generalizations because there are too many exceptions. However, he agrees that it is great fun to generalize, and some generalizations may be true.
4. the generalization that “The British don’t like answering questions about the details of their lives”, and also the generalization that they usually don’t like officials

Task 3
1. the American Indians in the northwest of America
2. When a man wanted to show that he was important, he asked all of his friends to a great feast. He also invited people from other villages. There were games and competitions, and everyone ate and drank a lot. He gave away things to all of the people at his feast. Sometimes he threw things into the sea, or he made a big fire and burned things in front of everyone.
3. Often he had very few things left after the feast, or there was very little food in his house. But he was still rich in the eyes of his people. He was a “big man” now. Everyone looked up to him, because he did not think that valuable things were important.

Task 4

A. when: in the morning, during the day, lunch time, in the afternoon
who: local factory workers, housewives, lots of people, schoolchildren on the way home, people after work
what: (local factory workers) papers and cigarettes; (housewives) fresh milk, frozen fish, cooked meat, and so on; (lots of people) sandwiches to order�"ham and egg particularly, a bit of shopping, (schoolchildren) sweets, (people after work) something for supper or some chocolates to take to a friend

B.
1. The previous one was just a small grocer’s before, but now Jayne sells all kinds of things. And her shop stays open longer.
2. Before she opened she did a small survey. She asked customers what they’d like to buy and when they’d like to shop. She was now giving customers what they wanted.
3. She felt rather tired, but never bored. She found it really exciting and loved meeting people all the time.

Task 5 (skipped)

Task 6

A.
1. Carl was a happy, friendly man. He had a good job with the government.
2. He was driving a special kind of van called a “security van”.
3. The first man was tall and wore round glasses. There was something strange about his eyes. The second man was tall, too. And he wore dark glasses.
4. He felt something hard in his back. It was a gun, and it belonged to the man with dark glasses.
5. He looked just like Carl. He had the same face as Carl. But he wasn’t Carl.
B.
1. bend, van
2. out of, rolled down
3. better, a bit
4. early morning light, rather, covered with
5. went, with, over
6. pushed, pulled

Task 7 (skipped)

Task 8

A.
1. It is a book about how to start new friendships.
2. It is very important to give the other person your undivided attention for the first four minutes of your meeting.
3. We should try to appear friendly and self-confident, because in general “People like people who like themselves.”
B.
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
C.
1. total honesty, social relationships, contact
2. complain about one’s health, to mention faults, tell the whole truth, opinions, impressions
3. much of, strangers, family members, friends
4. be treated with care, unpleasant matters, be dealt with

Task 9 (skipped)

Task 10 (skipped)

Task 11 (dictation)
A young mother believed that it was very wrong to waste any food when there were so many hungry people in the world. One evening, she was giving her small daughter her tea before putting her to bed. First she gave her a slice of fresh brown bread and butter, but the child said that she did not want it like that. She asked for some jam on her bread as well.
Her mother looked at her for a few seconds and then said, “When I was a small girl like you, Lucy, I was always given either bread and butter, or bread and jam, but never bread with butter and jam.”
Lucy looked at her mother for a few moments with pity in her eyes and then said to her kindly, “Aren’t you pleased that you’ve come to live with us now?”